Module:IPA symbol/data
Before adding a symbol here, consider using the display text option of Template:Tl, as in {{IPA link|p|b̥}}
.
When editing the data, make sure it has no errors by checking the overview below (note, however, that it is not capable of detecting all errors).
Template:Collapse top Template:Float No errors were found. 428 entries (377 in "sounds", 51 in "diacritics"), 877 symbols (683 in "sounds", 194 in "diacritics").
Parentheses denote a link automatically inherited from the name field. In italics are redirects.
Name | Symbols | Article | Audio | Group |
---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless bilabial nasal | m̥ | (Voiceless bilabial nasal) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial nasal | m | (Voiced bilabial nasal) | Bilabial nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced labiodental nasal | ɱ | (Voiced labiodental nasal) | Labiodental nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced linguolabial nasal | n̼ | (Voiced linguolabial nasal) | Linguolabial nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental nasal | n̪ | (Voiced dental nasal) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar nasal | n̥ | (Voiceless alveolar nasal) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar nasal | n | (Voiced alveolar nasal) | Alveolar nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar nasal | n̠ | (Voiced postalveolar nasal) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex nasal | ɳ̊ , ɳ̥ | (Voiceless retroflex nasal) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex nasal | ɳ | (Voiced retroflex nasal) | Retroflex nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal | n̠̊ʲ , ɲ̊˖ , ɲ̟̊ , ȵ̊ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal | n̠ʲ , ɲ˖ , ɲ̟ , ȵ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal) | sounds | |
Voiceless palatal nasal | ɲ̊ , ɲ̥ | (Voiceless palatal nasal) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal nasal | ɲ | (Voiced palatal nasal) | Palatal nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced post-palatal nasal | ɲ˗ , ɲ̠ , ŋ˖ , ŋ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal nasal) | sounds | |
Voiceless velar nasal | ŋ̊ , ŋ̥ | (Voiceless velar nasal) | sounds | |
Voiced velar nasal | ŋ | (Voiced velar nasal) | Velar nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced pre-uvular nasal | ɴ̟ , ŋ˗ , ŋ̠ | (Voiced pre-uvular nasal) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular nasal | ɴ | (Voiced uvular nasal) | Uvular nasal.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless bilabial stop | p | (Voiceless bilabial stop) | Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced bilabial stop | b | (Voiced bilabial stop) | Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless labiodental stop | p̪ , p͆ | (Voiceless labiodental stop) | sounds | |
Voiced labiodental stop | b̪ | (Voiced labiodental stop) | sounds | |
Voiceless linguolabial stop | t̼ | (Voiceless linguolabial stop) | Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced linguolabial stop | d̼ | (Voiced linguolabial stop) | Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless dental stop | t̪ | (Voiceless dental stop) | Voiceless dental stop.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental stop | d̪ | (Voiced dental stop) | Voiced dental stop.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolar stop | t | (Voiceless alveolar stop) | Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar stop | d | (Voiced alveolar stop) | Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless postalveolar stop | t̠ | (Voiceless postalveolar stop) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar stop | d̠ | (Voiced postalveolar stop) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex stop | ʈ | (Voiceless retroflex stop) | Voiceless retroflex stop.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiced retroflex stop | ɖ | (Voiced retroflex stop) | Voiced retroflex stop.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal stop | t̠ʲ , c̟ , ȶ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal stop) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolo-palatal stop | d̠ʲ , ɟ˖ , ɟ̟ , ȡ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal stop) | sounds | |
Voiceless palatal stop | c | (Voiceless palatal stop) | Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced palatal stop | ɟ | (Voiced palatal stop) | Voiced palatal plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless post-palatal stop | c̠ , k̟ | (Voiceless post-palatal stop) | sounds | |
Voiced post-palatal stop | ɟ˗ , ɟ̠ , ɡ˖ , ɡ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal stop) | sounds | |
Voiceless velar stop | k | (Voiceless velar stop) | Voiceless velar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced velar stop | ɡ | (Voiced velar stop) | Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless pre-uvular stop | q˖ , q̟ , k̠ | (Voiceless pre-uvular stop) | sounds | |
Voiced pre-uvular stop | ɢ̟ , ɡ˗ , ɡ̠ | (Voiced pre-uvular stop) | sounds | |
Voiceless uvular stop | q | (Voiceless uvular stop) | Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced uvular stop | ɢ | (Voiced uvular stop) | Voiced uvular stop.oga (play) | sounds |
Epiglottal stop | ʡ | (Epiglottal stop) | Epiglottal stop.ogg (play) | sounds |
Glottal stop | ʔ | (Glottal stop) | Glottal stop.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless bilabial affricate | pɸ | (Voiceless bilabial affricate) | Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced bilabial affricate | bβ | (Voiced bilabial affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless labiodental affricate | p̪f , p͆f , pf | (Voiceless labiodental affricate) | Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced labiodental affricate | b̪v , bv | (Voiced labiodental affricate) | Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless dental affricate | t̪s̪ , ts̪ , t̟s̟ , ts̟ | (Voiceless dental affricate) | Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental affricate | d̪z̪ , dz̪ , d̟z̟ , dz̟ | (Voiced dental affricate) | Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate | t̪θ , t̟θ , tθ | (Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate) | Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate | d̪ð , d̟ð , dð | (Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate) | Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolar affricate | ts , ʦ | (Voiceless alveolar affricate) | Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar affricate | dz , ʣ | (Voiced alveolar affricate) | Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate | t̺s̺ , ts̺ , t̠s̠ , ts̠ | (Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate) | sounds | |
Voiced apico-alveolar affricate | d̺z̺ , dz̺ , d̠z̠ , dz̠ | (Voiced apico-alveolar affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate | tɹ̝̊ , tɹ̥ , tθ̠ , tθ͇ | (Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate | dɹ̝ , dɹ , dð̠ , dð͇ | (Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless postalveolar affricate | t̠ʃ , tʃ , ʧ | (Voiceless postalveolar affricate) | Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar affricate | d̠ʒ , dʒ , ʤ | (Voiced postalveolar affricate) | Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate | t̠ɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̠̊ , tɹ̠̊ | (Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate) | Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate | d̠ɹ̠˔ , dɹ̠˔ , dɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̠ , dɹ̠ | (Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate) | Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless retroflex affricate | ʈʂ , tʂ | (Voiceless retroflex affricate) | Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced retroflex affricate | ɖʐ , dʐ | (Voiced retroflex affricate) | Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate | tɕ , cɕ , ʨ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate) | Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate | dʑ , ɟʑ , ʥ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate) | Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless palatal affricate | cç | (Voiceless palatal affricate) | Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced palatal affricate | ɟʝ | (Voiced palatal affricate) | Voiced palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless post-palatal affricate | c̠ç˗ , cç˗ , c̠ç̠ , cç̠ , k̟x̟ , kx̟ | (Voiceless post-palatal affricate) | sounds | |
Voiced post-palatal affricate | ɟ˗ʝ˗ , ɟʝ˗ , ɟ̠ʝ̠ , ɟʝ̠ , ɡ˖ɣ˖ , ɡɣ˖ , ɡ̟ɣ̟ , ɡɣ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless velar affricate | kx | (Voiceless velar affricate) | Voiceless velar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced velar affricate | ɡɣ | (Voiced velar affricate) | Voiced velar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless pre-uvular affricate | q˖χ˖ , qχ˖ , q̟χ̟ , qχ̟ , k̠x̠ , kx̠ | (Voiceless pre-uvular affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless uvular affricate | qχ | (Voiceless uvular affricate) | Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced uvular affricate | ɢʁ | (Voiced uvular affricate) | Voiced uvular affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless pharyngeal affricate | ʡħ | (Voiceless pharyngeal affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless epiglottal affricate | ʡʜ | (Voiceless epiglottal affricate) | Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced epiglottal affricate | ʡʢ | (Voiced epiglottal affricate) | Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless glottal affricate | ʔh | (Voiceless glottal affricate) | Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless bilabial fricative | ɸ , β̞̊ , β̥˕ | (Voiceless bilabial fricative) | Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced bilabial fricative | β | (Voiced bilabial fricative) | Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless labiodental fricative | f , ʋ̥ , f̞ | (Voiceless labiodental fricative) | Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced labiodental fricative | v | (Voiced labiodental fricative) | Voiced labiodental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless linguolabial fricative | θ̼ | (Voiceless linguolabial fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced linguolabial fricative | ð̼ | (Voiced linguolabial fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless dental fricative | θ , θ̞ | (Voiceless dental fricative) | Voiceless dental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental fricative | ð | (Voiced dental fricative) | Voiced dental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless dental sibilant fricative | s̪ | (Voiceless dental sibilant fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced dental sibilant fricative | z̪ | (Voiced dental sibilant fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative | s̻̪ , s̪̻ , s̻͆ , s̟ | (Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar fricative | s | (Voiceless alveolar fricative) | Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar fricative | z | (Voiced alveolar fricative) | Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative | s̺ | (Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced apico-alveolar fricative | z̺ | (Voiced apico-alveolar fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative | s̠ | (Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative) | Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar retracted fricative | z̠ | (Voiced alveolar retracted fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative | θ̠ , θ͇ , ɹ̝̊ , ɹ̥ | (Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative | ð̠ , ð͇ , ɹ̝ | (Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative | ɾ̞̊ | (Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar tapped fricative | ɾ̞ | (Voiced alveolar tapped fricative) | Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless postalveolar fricative | ʃ | (Voiceless postalveolar fricative) | Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar fricative | ʒ | (Voiced postalveolar fricative) | Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative | ɹ̠̊˔ , ɹ̝̊˗ | (Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative | ɹ̠˔ , ɹ̝˗ | (Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless retroflex fricative | ʂ | (Voiceless retroflex fricative) | Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced retroflex fricative | ʐ | (Voiced retroflex fricative) | Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative | ɻ̝ , ɻ˔ , ɻ̊ | (Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | ɕ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative) | Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative | ʑ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative) | Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless palatal fricative | ç | (Voiceless palatal fricative) | Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced palatal fricative | ʝ , j̊ | (Voiced palatal fricative) | Voiced palatal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless post-palatal fricative | ç˗ , ç̠ , x̟ | (Voiceless post-palatal fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced post-palatal fricative | ʝ˗ , ʝ̠ , ɣ˖ , ɣ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless velar fricative | x , ɰ̊ , x̞ , ɣ̊˕ , ɣ̞̊ | (Voiceless velar fricative) | Voiceless velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced velar fricative | ɣ | (Voiced velar fricative) | Voiced velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless pre-uvular fricative | χ˖ , χ̟ , x̠ | (Voiceless pre-uvular fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced pre-uvular fricative | ʁ̟ , ɣ˗ , ɣ̠ | (Voiced pre-uvular fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless uvular fricative | χ | (Voiceless uvular fricative) | Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced uvular fricative | ʁ | (Voiced uvular fricative) | Voiced uvular fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless pharyngeal fricative | ħ | (Voiceless pharyngeal fricative) | Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced pharyngeal fricative | ʕ | (Voiced pharyngeal fricative) | Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless glottal fricative | h | (Voiceless glottal fricative) | Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced glottal fricative | ɦ | (Voiced glottal fricative) | Voiced glottal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless bidental fricative | h̪͆ | (Voiceless bidental fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial approximant | β̞ | (Voiced bilabial approximant) | Bilabial approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced labiodental approximant | ʋ | (Voiced labiodental approximant) | Labiodental approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental approximant | ð̞ | (Voiced dental approximant) | Voiced dental approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar approximant | ɹ | (Voiced alveolar approximant) | Alveolar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar approximant | ɹ̠ | (Voiced postalveolar approximant) | Postalveolar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced retroflex approximant | ɻ | (Voiced retroflex approximant) | Retroflex approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced palatal approximant | j , ʝ˕ , ʝ̞ | (Voiced palatal approximant) | Palatal approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced post-palatal approximant | j˗ , j̠ , ɰ̟ , ɰ˖ , ʝ˕˗ , ʝ˗˕ , ʝ̞˗ , ɣ˕˖ , ɣ˖˕ , ɣ̞˖ | (Voiced post-palatal approximant) | Post-palatal approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced velar approximant | ɰ , ɣ˕ , ɣ̞ | (Voiced velar approximant) | Voiced velar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced uvular approximant | ʁ̞ | (Voiced uvular approximant) | Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced pharyngeal approximant | ʕ̞ | (Voiced pharyngeal approximant) | sounds | |
Voiced epiglottal approximant | ʢ̞ | (Voiced epiglottal approximant) | sounds | |
Creaky-voiced glottal approximant | ʔ̞ , ʔ̰ | (Creaky-voiced glottal approximant) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial flap | ⱱ̟ , b̆ | (Voiced bilabial flap) | sounds | |
Voiced labiodental flap | ⱱ | (Voiced labiodental flap) | Labiodental flap.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced linguolabial tap | ɾ̼ | (Voiced linguolabial tap) | sounds | |
Voiced dental tap or flap | ɾ̪ | Dental tap | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar tap or flap | ɾ̥ | Voiceless alveolar tap | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar tap or flap | ɾ | Alveolar tap | Alveolar tap.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar flap | ɾ̠ | (Voiced postalveolar flap) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap | ɾ̃ , n̆ | Alveolar nasal tap | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex flap | ɽ̊ | (Voiceless retroflex flap) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex flap | ɽ | (Voiced retroflex flap) | Retroflex flap.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced uvular tap or flap | ɢ̆ , ʀ̆ | Uvular tap and flap | sounds | |
Voiced epiglottal tap | ʡ̆ , ʢ̆ | (Voiced epiglottal tap) | Epiglottal flap.oga (play) | sounds |
Voiceless bilabial trill | ʙ̥ | (Voiceless bilabial trill) | Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced bilabial trill | ʙ | (Voiced bilabial trill) | Bilabial trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced linguolabial trill | r̼ | (Voiced linguolabial trill) | Linguolabial trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental trill | r̪ | (Voiced dental trill) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar trill | r̥ | (Voiceless alveolar trill) | Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar trill | r | (Voiced alveolar trill) | Alveolar trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolar fricative trill | r̝̊ | (Voiceless alveolar fricative trill) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar fricative trill | r̝ | (Voiced alveolar fricative trill) | Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar trill | r̠ | (Voiced postalveolar trill) | Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless retroflex trill | ɽ̊r̥ , ɽr̥ | (Voiceless retroflex trill) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex trill | ɽr | (Voiced retroflex trill) | Voiced retroflex trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝̊˖ , ʀ̟̊˔ | (Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill) | sounds | |
Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝˖ , ʀ̟˔ | (Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill) | sounds | |
Voiceless uvular trill | ʀ̥ | (Voiceless uvular trill) | Voiceless uvular trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced uvular trill | ʀ | (Voiced uvular trill) | Uvular trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝̊ | (Voiceless uvular fricative trill) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝ | (Voiced uvular fricative trill) | sounds | |
Voiceless epiglottal trill | ʜ | (Voiceless epiglottal trill) | Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced epiglottal trill | ʢ | (Voiced epiglottal trill) | Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate | tɬ , ƛ | (Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate) | Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar lateral affricate | dɮ | (Voiced alveolar lateral affricate) | Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate | ʈɭ̊˔ , ʈɭ̊ | (Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex lateral affricate | ɖɭ˔ , ɖɭ | (Voiced retroflex lateral affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless palatal lateral affricate | cʎ̝̊ , cʎ̥ | (Voiceless palatal lateral affricate) | Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced palatal lateral affricate | ɟʎ̝ , ɟʎ | (Voiced palatal lateral affricate) | sounds | |
Voiceless velar lateral affricate | kʟ̝̊ , kʟ̥ | (Voiceless velar lateral affricate) | Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced velar lateral affricate | ɡʟ̝ , ɡʟ | (Voiced velar lateral affricate) | Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless dental lateral fricative | ɬ̪ | (Voiceless dental lateral fricative) | sounds | |
Voiced dental lateral fricative | ɮ̪ , ɮ͆ | (Voiced dental lateral fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative | ɬ , l̥ | (Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative) | Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar lateral fricative | ɮ | (Voiced alveolar lateral fricative) | Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative | ɭ̊˔ , ꞎ , ɭ̊ | (Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative) | Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced retroflex lateral fricative | ɭ˔ | (Voiced retroflex lateral fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative | ɬ̠ʲ , ʎ̝̊˖ , ȴ̊˔ , l̠̊ʲ , ʎ̟̊ , ȴ̊ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless palatal lateral fricative | ʎ̝̊ , ʎ̥ | (Voiceless palatal lateral fricative) | Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced palatal lateral fricative | ʎ̝ | (Voiced palatal lateral fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless velar lateral fricative | ʟ̝̊ , ʟ̥ | (Voiceless velar lateral fricative) | Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced velar lateral fricative | ʟ̝ | (Voiced velar lateral fricative) | Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced dental lateral approximant | l̪ | (Voiced dental lateral approximant) | Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar lateral approximant | l | (Voiced alveolar lateral approximant) | Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant | l̠ | (Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant) | Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced retroflex lateral approximant | ɭ | (Voiced retroflex lateral approximant) | Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant | l̠ʲ , ʎ̟ , ȴ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal lateral approximant | ʎ | (Voiced palatal lateral approximant) | Palatal lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced velar lateral approximant | ʟ | (Voiced velar lateral approximant) | Velar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced uvular lateral approximant | ʟ̠ | (Voiced uvular lateral approximant) | Uvular lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolar lateral flap | ɺ̥ | (Voiceless alveolar lateral flap) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar lateral flap | ɺ | (Voiced alveolar lateral flap) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex lateral flap | ɭ̥̆ | (Voiceless retroflex lateral flap) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex lateral flap | ɭ̆ | (Voiced retroflex lateral flap) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal lateral flap | ʎ̆ | (Voiced palatal lateral flap) | sounds | |
Voiced velar lateral tap | ʟ̆ | (Voiced velar lateral tap) | sounds | |
Bilabial ejective stop | pʼ | (Bilabial ejective stop) | Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Dental ejective stop | t̪ʼ | (Dental ejective stop) | sounds | |
Alveolar ejective stop | tʼ | (Alveolar ejective stop) | Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Retroflex ejective stop | ʈʼ | (Retroflex ejective stop) | Retroflex ejective.ogg (play) | sounds |
Palatal ejective stop | cʼ | (Palatal ejective stop) | Palatal ejective.ogg (play) | sounds |
Velar ejective stop | kʼ | (Velar ejective stop) | Velar ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Uvular ejective stop | qʼ | (Uvular ejective stop) | Uvular ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Epiglottal ejective | ʡʼ | (Epiglottal ejective) | Epiglottal ejective.ogg (play) | sounds |
Dental ejective affricate | t̪θʼ , t̟θʼ , tθʼ | (Dental ejective affricate) | Dental ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Alveolar ejective affricate | tsʼ | (Alveolar ejective affricate) | Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Palato-alveolar ejective affricate | t̠ʃʼ , tʃʼ | (Palato-alveolar ejective affricate) | Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Retroflex ejective affricate | ʈʂʼ , tʂʼ | (Retroflex ejective affricate) | Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate | t̠ɕʼ , tɕʼ , cɕʼ | (Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate) | sounds | |
Palatal ejective affricate | cçʼ | (Palatal ejective affricate) | Palatal ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Velar ejective affricate | kxʼ | (Velar ejective affricate) | Velar ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Uvular ejective affricate | qχʼ | (Uvular ejective affricate) | Uvular ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Bilabial ejective fricative | ɸʼ | (Bilabial ejective fricative) | sounds | |
Labiodental ejective fricative | fʼ | (Labiodental ejective fricative) | Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Dental ejective fricative | θʼ | (Dental ejective fricative) | Dental ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Alveolar ejective fricative | sʼ | (Alveolar ejective fricative) | Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Palato-alveolar ejective fricative | ʃʼ | (Palato-alveolar ejective fricative) | Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Retroflex ejective fricative | ʂʼ | (Retroflex ejective fricative) | Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative | ɕʼ | (Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative) | Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Palatal ejective fricative | çʼ | (Palatal ejective fricative) | Palatal ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Velar ejective fricative | xʼ | (Velar ejective fricative) | Velar ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Uvular ejective fricative | χʼ | (Uvular ejective fricative) | Uvular ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Alveolar lateral ejective affricate | tɬʼ , ƛʼ | (Alveolar lateral ejective affricate) | Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Palatal lateral ejective affricate | cʎ̝̊ʼ , cʎ̥ʼ | (Palatal lateral ejective affricate) | Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Velar lateral ejective affricate | kʟ̝̊ʼ , kʟ̥ʼ | (Velar lateral ejective affricate) | Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds |
Alveolar lateral ejective fricative | ɬʼ | (Alveolar lateral ejective fricative) | Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Tenuis bilabial click | ʘ , kʘ | (Tenuis bilabial click) | Clic bilabial sourd.ogg (play) | sounds |
Tenuis dental click | ǀ , kǀ | (Tenuis dental click) | Dental click.ogg (play) | sounds |
Tenuis alveolar click | ǃ , kǃ | (Tenuis alveolar click) | Postalveolar click.ogg (play) | sounds |
Tenuis palatal click | ǂ , kǂ | (Tenuis palatal click) | Palatoalveolar click.ogg (play) | sounds |
Back-released velar click | ʞ | (Back-released velar click) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial click | ʘ̬ , ɡʘ | (Voiced bilabial click) | sounds | |
Voiced dental click | ǀ̬ , ɡǀ | (Voiced dental click) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar click | ǃ̬ , ɡǃ | (Voiced alveolar click) | sounds | |
Tenuis retroflex click | ‼ | (Tenuis retroflex click) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal click | ǂ̬ , ɡǂ | (Voiced palatal click) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex click | ‼̬ , ɡ‼ | (Voiced retroflex click) | sounds | |
Bilabial nasal click | ʘ̃ , ŋʘ | (Bilabial nasal click) | sounds | |
Dental nasal click | ǀ̃ , ŋǀ | (Dental nasal click) | sounds | |
Alveolar nasal click | ǃ̃ , ŋǃ | (Alveolar nasal click) | Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg (play) | sounds |
Palatal nasal click | ǂ̃ , ŋǂ | (Palatal nasal click) | sounds | |
Retroflex nasal click | ‼̃ , ŋ‼ | (Retroflex nasal click) | sounds | |
Tenuis alveolar lateral click | ǁ , kǁ | (Tenuis alveolar lateral click) | Alveolar lateral click.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced alveolar lateral click | ǁ̬ , ɡǁ | (Voiced alveolar lateral click) | sounds | |
Alveolar lateral nasal click | ǁ̃ , ŋǁ | (Alveolar lateral nasal click) | sounds | |
Glottalized bilabial nasal click | ʘ̃ˀ , ʘˀ , ŋ̊ʘˀ , ŋʘˀ | (Glottalized bilabial nasal click) | sounds | |
Glottalized dental nasal click | ǀ̃ˀ , ǀˀ , ŋ̊ǀˀ , ŋǀˀ | (Glottalized dental nasal click) | sounds | |
Glottalized alveolar nasal click | ǃ̃ˀ , ǃˀ , ŋ̊ǃˀ , ŋǃˀ | (Glottalized alveolar nasal click) | sounds | |
Glottalized retroflex nasal click | ‼̃ˀ , ‼ˀ , ŋ‼ˀ , ŋ̊‼ˀ | (Glottalized retroflex nasal click) | sounds | |
Glottalized palatal nasal click | ǂ̃ˀ , ǂˀ , ŋ̊ǂˀ , ŋǂˀ | (Glottalized palatal nasal click) | sounds | |
Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click | ǁ̃ˀ , ǁˀ , ŋ̊ǁˀ , ŋǁˀ | (Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click) | sounds | |
Voiceless bilabial implosive | ɓ̥ , ƥ | (Voiceless bilabial implosive) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial implosive | ɓ | (Voiced bilabial implosive) | Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless alveolar implosive | ɗ̥ , ƭ | (Voiceless alveolar implosive) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar implosive | ɗ | (Voiced alveolar implosive) | Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless retroflex implosive | ᶑ̊ , ᶑ̥ | (Voiceless retroflex implosive) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex implosive | ᶑ | (Voiced retroflex implosive) | sounds | |
Voiceless palatal implosive | ʄ̊ , ʄ̥ , ƈ | (Voiceless palatal implosive) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal implosive | ʄ | (Voiced palatal implosive) | Voiced palatal implosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless velar implosive | ɠ̊ , ƙ | (Voiceless velar implosive) | sounds | |
Voiced velar implosive | ɠ | (Voiced velar implosive) | Voiced velar implosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless uvular implosive | ʛ̥ , ʠ | (Voiceless uvular implosive) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular implosive | ʛ | (Voiced uvular implosive) | Voiced uvular implosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced labial–alveolar nasal | nm | Labial–coronal consonant | sounds | |
Voiced labial–velar nasal | ŋm | (Voiced labial–velar nasal) | Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless labial–alveolar stop | tp | Labial–coronal consonant | sounds | |
Voiced labial–alveolar stop | db | Labial–coronal consonant | sounds | |
Voiceless labial–velar stop | kp | (Voiceless labial–velar stop) | Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced labial–velar stop | ɡb | (Voiced labial–velar stop) | Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiceless uvular–epiglottal stop | qʡ | (Voiceless uvular–epiglottal stop) | sounds | |
Voiceless labial–palatal approximant | ɥ̊ | (Voiceless labial–palatal approximant) | sounds | |
Voiced labial–palatal approximant | ɥ | (Voiced labial–palatal approximant) | LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav (play) | sounds |
Voiceless labial–velar fricative | ʍ , w̥ , hw | (Voiceless labial–velar fricative) | Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Voiced labial–velar approximant | w | (Voiced labial–velar approximant) | Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant | wᵝ , ɰᵝ | Voiced labial–velar approximant | sounds | |
Sj-sound | ɧ | (Sj-sound) | Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds |
Velarized dental lateral approximant | ɫ̪ , l̪ˠ | (Velarized dental lateral approximant) | sounds | |
Velarized alveolar lateral approximant | ɫ , lˠ | (Velarized alveolar lateral approximant) | Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds |
Nasal palatal approximant | j̃ | (Nasal palatal approximant) | sounds | |
Nasal labial–velar approximant | w̃ | (Nasal labial–velar approximant) | sounds | |
Voiceless nasal glottal approximant | h̃ | (Voiceless nasal glottal approximant) | sounds | |
Close front unrounded vowel | i | (Close front unrounded vowel) | Close front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close front rounded vowel | y | (Close front rounded vowel) | Close front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close front compressed vowel | y͍ , iᵝ | (Close front compressed vowel) | Close front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close front protruded vowel | y̫ , yʷ , iʷ | (Close front protruded vowel) | sounds | |
Close central unrounded vowel | ɨ , ï | (Close central unrounded vowel) | Close central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close central rounded vowel | ʉ , ü | (Close central rounded vowel) | Close central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close central protruded vowel | ʉ̫ , ʉʷ , ɨʷ | (Close central protruded vowel) | Close central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close central compressed vowel | ÿ , ɨᵝ | (Close central compressed vowel) | sounds | |
Close back unrounded vowel | ɯ | (Close back unrounded vowel) | Close back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close back rounded vowel | u | (Close back rounded vowel) | Close back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close back protruded vowel | u̫ , uʷ , ɯʷ | (Close back protruded vowel) | Close back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close back compressed vowel | u͍ , ɯᵝ | (Close back compressed vowel) | Ja-U.oga (play) | sounds |
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel | ɪ , ɪ̟ , i̞ , e̝ | (Near-close near-front unrounded vowel) | Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-close near-front rounded vowel | ʏ , y̞ , y˕ , ø̝ | (Near-close near-front rounded vowel) | Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-close near-front compressed vowel | ʏ͍ , ɪᵝ | (Near-close near-front compressed vowel) | Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-close near-front protruded vowel | ʏ̫ , ʏʷ , ɪʷ | (Near-close near-front protruded vowel) | sounds | |
Near-close central unrounded vowel | ɪ̈ , ɨ̞ , ɘ̝ | (Near-close central unrounded vowel) | Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-close central rounded vowel | ʊ̈ , ʊ̟ , ʉ̞ , ɵ̝ | (Near-close central rounded vowel) | sounds | |
Near-close central protruded vowel | ʊ̫̈ , ʉ̫˕ , ʊ̈ʷ , ʉ̞ʷ , ɪ̈ʷ , ɨ̞ʷ | (Near-close central protruded vowel) | sounds | |
Near-close central compressed vowel | ʏ̈ , ɨ̞ᵝ | (Near-close central compressed vowel) | sounds | |
Near-close near-back unrounded vowel | ɯ̞ , ɯ̽ | (Near-close near-back unrounded vowel) | Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-close near-back rounded vowel | ʊ , u̞ , o̝ | (Near-close near-back rounded vowel) | Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-close near-back protruded vowel | ʊ̫ , ʊʷ , ɯ̽ʷ , ɤ̝̈ʷ , u̫˕ , u̞ʷ , ɯ̞ʷ , ɤ̝ʷ | (Near-close near-back protruded vowel) | Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-close near-back compressed vowel | ʊ͍ , ɯ̽ᵝ , ɯ̞̈ᵝ , ɯ̞ᵝ | (Near-close near-back compressed vowel) | sounds | |
Close-mid front unrounded vowel | e | (Close-mid front unrounded vowel) | Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid front rounded vowel | ø | (Close-mid front rounded vowel) | Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid front compressed vowel | ø͍ , eᵝ | (Close-mid front compressed vowel) | Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid front protruded vowel | ø̫ , øʷ , eʷ | (Close-mid front protruded vowel) | sounds | |
Close-mid central unrounded vowel | ɘ , ë , ɤ̈ | (Close-mid central unrounded vowel) | Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid central rounded vowel | ɵ , ö | (Close-mid central rounded vowel) | Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid central protruded vowel | ɵ̫ , ɵʷ , ɘʷ | (Close-mid central protruded vowel) | Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid central compressed vowel | ø̈ , ɘᵝ | (Close-mid central compressed vowel) | sounds | |
Close-mid back unrounded vowel | ɤ | (Close-mid back unrounded vowel) | Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid back rounded vowel | o | (Close-mid back rounded vowel) | Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid back protruded vowel | o̫ , oʷ , ɤʷ | (Close-mid back protruded vowel) | Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Close-mid back compressed vowel | o͍ , ɤᵝ | (Close-mid back compressed vowel) | sounds | |
Mid front unrounded vowel | e̞ , ɛ̝ | (Mid front unrounded vowel) | Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Mid front rounded vowel | ø̞ , œ̝ | (Mid front rounded vowel) | Mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Mid front compressed vowel | ø͍˕ , œ͍˔ , e̞ᵝ , ɛ̝ᵝ | (Mid front compressed vowel) | sounds | |
Mid front protruded vowel | ø̫˕ , œ̫˔ , ø̞ʷ , œ̝ʷ , e̞ʷ , ɛ̝ʷ | (Mid front protruded vowel) | sounds | |
Mid central vowel | ə | (Mid central vowel) | Mid-central vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Mid central unrounded vowel | ə̜ , ɘ̞ , ɜ̝ | (Mid central unrounded vowel) | Mid-central vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Mid central rounded vowel | ə̹ , ɵ̞ , ɞ̝ | (Mid central rounded vowel) | Mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Mid back unrounded vowel | ɤ̞ , ʌ̝ | (Mid back unrounded vowel) | sounds | |
Mid back rounded vowel | o̞ , ɔ̝ | (Mid back rounded vowel) | Mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open-mid front unrounded vowel | ɛ | (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) | Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open-mid front rounded vowel | œ | (Open-mid front rounded vowel) | Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open-mid front compressed vowel | œ͍ , ɛᵝ | (Open-mid front compressed vowel) | Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open-mid front protruded vowel | œ̫ , œʷ , ɛʷ | (Open-mid front protruded vowel) | sounds | |
Open-mid central unrounded vowel | ɜ , ɛ̈ , ʌ̈ | (Open-mid central unrounded vowel) | Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open-mid central rounded vowel | ɞ | (Open-mid central rounded vowel) | Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open-mid back unrounded vowel | ʌ | (Open-mid back unrounded vowel) | PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open-mid back rounded vowel | ɔ | (Open-mid back rounded vowel) | PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-open front unrounded vowel | æ | (Near-open front unrounded vowel) | Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-open central vowel | ɐ | (Near-open central vowel) | Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-open central unrounded vowel | ɐ̜ , ɜ̞ | (Near-open central unrounded vowel) | PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Near-open central rounded vowel | ɐ̹ , ɞ̞ | (Near-open central rounded vowel) | sounds | |
Open front unrounded vowel | a , æ̞ | (Open front unrounded vowel) | PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open front rounded vowel | ɶ | (Open front rounded vowel) | Open front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open central unrounded vowel | ä , ɑ̈ , ɐ̞ | (Open central unrounded vowel) | Open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open central rounded vowel | ɒ̈ , ɶ̈ | (Open central rounded vowel) | Open central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open back unrounded vowel | ɑ | (Open back unrounded vowel) | Open back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
Open back rounded vowel | ɒ | (Open back rounded vowel) | PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds |
R-colored vowel | ɚ , ɝ , ɹ̩ , ɻ̍ | (R-colored vowel) | En-us-er.ogg (play) | sounds |
Primary stress | ˈ | Stress (linguistics) | sounds | |
Secondary stress | ˌ | (Secondary stress) | sounds | |
Minor (foot) group | | | Prosodic unit | sounds | |
Major (intonation) group | ‖ | Prosodic unit | sounds | |
Syllable break | . | Syllable | sounds | |
Linking (absence of a break) | ‿ | Connected speech | sounds | |
Downstep | ꜜ | (Downstep) | sounds | |
Upstep | ꜛ | (Upstep) | sounds | |
Global rise | ↗ | Intonation (linguistics) | sounds | |
Global fall | ↘ | Intonation (linguistics) | sounds | |
Bilabial percussive | ʬ | (Bilabial percussive) | sounds | |
Bidental percussive | ʭ | (Bidental percussive) | sounds | |
Velopharyngeal fricative | ʩ | (Velopharyngeal fricative) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative | ʪ | Lateral release (phonetics) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative | ʫ | Lateral release (phonetics) | sounds | |
Ingressive airflow | ↓ | Ingressive sound | sounds | |
Egressive airflow | ↑ | Egressive sound | sounds | |
Apical r | ɹ̺ | Pronunciation of English /r/ | sounds | |
Bunched r | ɹ̈ | Pronunciation of English /r/ | sounds | |
Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive | ¡ | Percussive consonant | sounds | |
Percussive alveolar click | ǃ¡ | (Percussive alveolar click) | sounds | |
Buccal interdental trill | ↀr̪͆ | Blowing a raspberry | sounds | |
Morphological boundary | # | Word stem | sounds | |
Zero | ∅ | Zero (linguistics) | sounds | |
Voiceless | ̥ , ̊ , ḁ , å , ů , ẘ , ẙ | (Voiceless) | diacritics | |
Voiced | ̬ | Voice (phonetics) | diacritics | |
Aspirated | ʰ | Aspirated consonant | diacritics | |
More rounded | ̹ , ͗ , ˒ | Roundedness | diacritics | |
Less rounded | ̜ , ͑ , ˓ , ͍ | Roundedness | diacritics | |
Advanced | ̟ , ˖ | Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted | diacritics | |
Retracted | ̠ , ˗ | Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted | diacritics | |
Centralized | ̈ | Relative articulation#Centralized vowels | diacritics | |
Mid-centralized | ̽ | Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel | diacritics | |
Syllabic | ̩ , ̍ | Syllabic consonant | diacritics | |
Non-syllabic | ̯ , ̑ | Semivowel | diacritics | |
Rhoticity | ˞ | R-colored vowel | En-us-er.ogg (play) | diacritics |
Breathy voiced | ̤ , ṳ , ʱ | Breathy voice | diacritics | |
Creaky voiced | ̰ , ḛ , ḭ , ṵ | Creaky voice | diacritics | |
Linguolabial | ̼ | Linguolabial consonant | diacritics | |
Labialized | ʷ , ̫ | Labialization | diacritics | |
Palatalized | ʲ | Palatalization (phonetics) | diacritics | |
Velarized | ˠ | Velarization | diacritics | |
Pharyngealized | ˤ | Pharyngealization | diacritics | |
Velarized or pharyngealized | ̴ , ᵯ , ᵰ , ᵱ , ᵬ , ᵮ , ᵵ , ᵭ , ᵴ , ᵶ , ᵳ , ᵲ | Pharyngealization | diacritics | |
Raised | ̝ , ˔ | Relative articulation#Raised and lowered | diacritics | |
Lowered | ̞ , ˕ | Relative articulation#Raised and lowered | diacritics | |
Advanced tongue root | ̘ | (Advanced tongue root) | diacritics | |
Retracted tongue root | ̙ | (Retracted tongue root) | diacritics | |
Dental | ̪ , ͆ | Dental consonant | diacritics | |
Apical | ̺ | Apical consonant | diacritics | |
Laminal | ̻ | Laminal consonant | diacritics | |
Nasalized | ̃ , ṽ | Nasalization | diacritics | |
Nasal vowel | ĩ , ỹ , ɨ̃ , ʉ̃ , ɯ̃ , ũ , ɪ̃ , ʏ̃ , ʊ̃ , ẽ , ø̃ , ɘ̃ , ɵ̃ , ɤ̃ , õ , ə̃ , ɛ̃ , œ̃ , ɜ̃ , ɞ̃ , ʌ̃ , ɔ̃ , æ̃ , ɐ̃ , ã , ɶ̃ , ä̃ , ɑ̃ , ɒ̃ | (Nasal vowel) | diacritics | |
Nasal release | ⁿ | (Nasal release) | diacritics | |
Lateral release | ˡ | Lateral release (phonetics) | diacritics | |
No audible release | ̚ | (No audible release) | diacritics | |
Ejective | ʼ | Ejective consonant | diacritics | |
Glottalized | ˀ | Glottalization | diacritics | |
Labio-palatalized | ᶣ | Labio-palatalization | diacritics | |
Long | ː | Length (phonetics) | diacritics | |
Half-long | ˑ | Length (phonetics) | diacritics | |
Extra-short | ̆ | Extra-shortness | diacritics | |
Accent | ̋ , ű , ӳ , ő , ́ , í , ý , ú , é , ó , á , ̄ , ī , ȳ , ū , ē , ō , ǣ , ā , ̀ , ì , ỳ , ù , è , ò , à , ̏ , ȉ , ȕ , ȅ , ȍ , ȁ | Pitch-accent language | diacritics | |
Tone | ̌ , ̂ , ᷄ , ᷅ , ᷇ , ᷆ , ᷈ , ᷉ , ˥ , ˦ , ˧ , ˨ , ˩ | Tone (linguistics) | diacritics | |
Alveolar | ͇ | Alveolar consonant | diacritics | |
Strong articulation | ͈ , ̎ | Fortis and lenis | diacritics | |
Weak articulation | ͉ , ᷂ | Fortis and lenis | diacritics | |
Denasalized | ͊ | Denasalization | diacritics | |
Velopharyngeal friction | ͌ | Velopharyngeal consonant | diacritics | |
Whistled articulation | ͎ | Whistled sibilant | diacritics | |
Unaspirated | ˭ | Tenuis consonant | diacritics | |
Pre-aspiration | ʰp , ʰt , ʰʈ , ʰc , ʰk , ʰq , ʰn | Preaspiration | diacritics | |
Retroflex | ̣ , ̢ | Retroflex consonant | diacritics | |
Prenasalized consonant | ᵐ , ᶬ , ⁿt , ⁿd , ⁿθ , ⁿð , ⁿs , ⁿz , ⁿʃ , ⁿʒ , ⁿɕ , ⁿʑ , ⁿr , ⁿɬ , ⁿɮ , ⁿl , ᶯ , ᶮ , ᵑ , ᶰ | (Prenasalized consonant) | diacritics | |
Pre-stopped consonant | ᵖ , ᵇ , ᵗ , ᵈ , ᶜ , ᶡ , ᵏ , ᶢ , ᴳ | (Pre-stopped consonant) | diacritics |
local data = {
sounds = {},
diacritics = {},
univPatterns = {
{
pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G
rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
},
{
pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay
rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde
},
{
pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
},
{
pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark
rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe
},
{
pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J
rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J
},
{
pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T
rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click
},
{
pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C
rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click
},
{
pat = "ǃǃ", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
rep = "‼" -- Double Exclamation Mark
},
{
pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop
rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click
},
},
keyPatterns = {
-- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics
{
pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle
rep = ""
},
{
pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K
rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K
},
{
pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng
rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng
},
}
}
local rawData = {
sounds = {
-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- Nasals
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial nasal",
symbols = { "m̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial nasal",
symbols = { "m" },
audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental nasal",
symbols = { "ɱ" },
audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial nasal",
symbols = { "n̼" },
audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental nasal",
symbols = { "n̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n" },
audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex nasal",
symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex nasal",
symbols = { "ɳ" },
audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "n̠̊ʲ", "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "n̠ʲ", "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ" },
audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ŋ˖", "ŋ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋ" },
audio = "Velar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ" },
audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg"
},
-- Plosives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial stop",
symbols = { "p" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial stop",
symbols = { "b" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental stop",
symbols = { "p̪", "p͆" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental stop",
symbols = { "b̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless linguolabial stop",
symbols = { "t̼" },
audio = "Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial stop",
symbols = { "d̼" },
audio = "Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental stop",
symbols = { "t̪" },
audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental stop",
symbols = { "d̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar stop",
symbols = { "t" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar stop",
symbols = { "d" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar stop",
symbols = { "t̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar stop",
symbols = { "d̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex stop",
symbols = { "ʈ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex stop",
symbols = { "ɖ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal stop",
symbols = { "t̠ʲ", "c̟", "ȶ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal stop",
symbols = { "d̠ʲ", "ɟ˖", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal stop",
symbols = { "c" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal stop",
symbols = { "ɟ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal stop",
symbols = { "c̠", "k̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal stop",
symbols = { "ɟ˗", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar stop",
symbols = { "k" },
audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar stop",
symbols = { "ɡ" },
audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular stop",
symbols = { "q˖", "q̟", "k̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular stop",
symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular stop",
symbols = { "q" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular stop",
symbols = { "ɢ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Epiglottal stop",
symbols = { "ʡ" },
audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Glottal stop",
symbols = { "ʔ" },
audio = "Glottal stop.ogg"
},
-- Affricates
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial affricate",
symbols = { "pɸ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial affricate",
symbols = { "bβ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental affricate",
symbols = { "p̪f", "p͆f", "pf" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental affricate",
symbols = { "b̪v", "bv" },
audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental affricate",
symbols = { "t̪s̪", "ts̪", "t̟s̟", "ts̟" },
audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental affricate",
symbols = { "d̪z̪", "dz̪", "d̟z̟", "dz̟" },
audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" },
audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "d̪ð", "d̟ð", "dð" },
audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced apico-alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tɹ̥", "tθ̠", "tθ͇" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dɹ", "dð̠", "dð͇" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar affricate",
symbols = { "d̠ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex affricate",
symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex affricate",
symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "tɕ", "cɕ", "ʨ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "ʥ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal affricate",
symbols = { "cç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal affricate",
symbols = { "ɟʝ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "ɟ˗ʝ˗", "ɟʝ˗", "ɟ̠ʝ̠", "ɟʝ̠", "ɡ˖ɣ˖", "ɡɣ˖", "ɡ̟ɣ̟", "ɡɣ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar affricate",
symbols = { "kx" },
audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar affricate",
symbols = { "ɡɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular affricate",
symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular affricate",
symbols = { "qχ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular affricate",
symbols = { "ɢʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡħ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless glottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʔh" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg"
},
-- Fricatives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial fricative",
symbols = { "ɸ", "β̞̊", "β̥˕" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial fricative",
symbols = { "β" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental fricative",
symbols = { "f", "ʋ̥", "f̞" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental fricative",
symbols = { "v" },
audio = "Voiced labiodental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative",
symbols = { "θ̼" },
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial fricative",
symbols = { "ð̼" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental fricative",
symbols = { "θ", "θ̞" },
audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental fricative",
symbols = { "ð" },
audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "s̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "z̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "z" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s̺" },
},
{
name = "Voiced apico-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "z̺" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative",
symbols = { "s̠" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar retracted fricative",
symbols = { "z̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "ɹ̝̊", "ɹ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ð̠", "ð͇", "ɹ̝" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative",
symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative",
symbols = { "ɾ̞" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar fricative",
symbols = { "ʃ" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar fricative",
symbols = { "ʒ" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̝˗" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex fricative",
symbols = { "ʂ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex fricative",
symbols = { "ʐ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔", "ɻ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ɕ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʑ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʝ", "j̊" },
audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ç˗", "ç̠", "x̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʝ˗", "ʝ̠", "ɣ˖", "ɣ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar fricative",
symbols = { "x", "ɰ̊", "x̞", "ɣ̊˕", "ɣ̞̊" },
audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar fricative",
symbols = { "ɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative",
symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative",
symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular fricative",
symbols = { "χ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular fricative",
symbols = { "ʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ħ" },
audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ʕ" },
audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless glottal fricative",
symbols = { "h" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced glottal fricative",
symbols = { "ɦ" },
audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless bidental fricative",
symbols = { "h̪͆" },
},
-- Approximants
{
name = "Voiced bilabial approximant",
symbols = { "β̞" },
audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental approximant",
symbols = { "ʋ" },
audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental approximant",
symbols = { "ð̞" },
audio = "Voiced dental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ" },
audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̠" },
audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex approximant",
symbols = { "ɻ" },
audio = "Retroflex approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" },
audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j˗", "j̠", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ʝ˕˗", "ʝ˗˕", "ʝ̞˗", "ɣ˕˖", "ɣ˖˕", "ɣ̞˖" },
audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar approximant",
symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ̞" },
audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular approximant",
symbols = { "ʁ̞" },
audio = "Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant",
symbols = { "ʕ̞" },
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal approximant",
symbols = { "ʢ̞" },
},
{
name = "Creaky-voiced glottal approximant",
symbols = { "ʔ̞", "ʔ̰" },
},
-- Taps/flaps
{
name = "Voiced bilabial flap",
symbols = { "ⱱ̟", "b̆" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental flap",
symbols = { "ⱱ" },
audio = "Labiodental flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial tap",
symbols = { "ɾ̼" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̪" },
article = "Dental tap",
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̥" },
article = "Voiceless alveolar tap",
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ" },
article = "Alveolar tap",
audio = "Alveolar tap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" },
article = "Alveolar nasal tap",
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex flap",
symbols = { "ɽ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex flap",
symbols = { "ɽ" },
audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɢ̆", "ʀ̆" },
article = "Uvular tap and flap",
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal tap",
symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʢ̆" },
audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga"
},
-- Trills
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial trill",
symbols = { "ʙ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial trill",
symbols = { "ʙ" },
audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial trill",
symbols = { "r̼" },
audio = "Linguolabial trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental trill",
symbols = { "r̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar trill",
symbols = { "r̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar trill",
symbols = { "r" },
audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative trill",
symbols = { "r̝̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar fricative trill",
symbols = { "r̝" },
audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar trill",
symbols = { "r̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex trill",
symbols = { "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex trill",
symbols = { "ɽr" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular trill",
symbols = { "ʀ" },
audio = "Uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless epiglottal trill",
symbols = { "ʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal trill",
symbols = { "ʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg"
},
-- Lateral affricates
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "tɬ", "ƛ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "dɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔","ʈɭ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɖɭ˔","ɖɭ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɟʎ̝", "ɟʎ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
-- Lateral fricatives
{
name = "Voiceless dental lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɮ̪", "ɮ͆" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ", "l̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ", "ɭ̊" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɭ˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ̠ʲ", "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̊˔", "l̠̊ʲ", "ʎ̟̊", "ȴ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʎ̝̊", "ʎ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʎ̝" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʟ̝̊", "ʟ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʟ̝" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral approximants
{
name = "Voiced dental lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɭ" },
audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̠ʲ", "ʎ̟", "ȴ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʎ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʟ" },
audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʟ̠" },
audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Lateral taps/flaps
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɭ̥̆" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɭ̆" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral flap",
symbols = { "ʎ̆" },
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral tap",
symbols = { "ʟ̆" },
},
-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- Ejective stops
{
name = "Bilabial ejective stop",
symbols = { "pʼ" },
audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental ejective stop",
symbols = { "t̪ʼ" },
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective stop",
symbols = { "tʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective stop",
symbols = { "ʈʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective stop",
symbols = { "cʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective stop",
symbols = { "kʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective stop",
symbols = { "qʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Epiglottal ejective",
symbols = { "ʡʼ" },
audio = "Epiglottal ejective.ogg"
},
-- Ejective affricates
{
name = "Dental ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "tsʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective affricate",
symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ", "cɕʼ" },
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective affricate",
symbols = { "cçʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "kxʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective affricate",
symbols = { "qχʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg"
},
-- Ejective fricatives
{
name = "Bilabial ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɸʼ" },
},
{
name = "Labiodental ejective fricative",
symbols = { "fʼ" },
audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental ejective fricative",
symbols = { "θʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "sʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɕʼ" },
audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective fricative",
symbols = { "çʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "xʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective fricative",
symbols = { "χʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral ejective affricates
{
name = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ" },
audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
-- Lateral ejective fricatives
{
name = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɬʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Tenuis clicks
{
name = "Tenuis bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ" },
audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg"
},
{
name = "Tenuis dental click",
symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" },
audio = "Dental click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Tenuis alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" },
audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Tenuis palatal click",
symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" },
audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Back-released velar click",
symbols = { "ʞ" },
},
-- Voiced clicks
{
name = "Voiced bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental click",
symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" },
},
{
name = "Tenuis retroflex click",
symbols = { "‼" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex click",
symbols = { "‼̬", "ɡ‼" },
},
-- Nasal clicks
{
name = "Bilabial nasal click",
symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ" },
},
{
name = "Dental nasal click",
symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ" },
},
{
name = "Alveolar nasal click",
symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ" },
audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal nasal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ" },
},
{
name = "Retroflex nasal click",
symbols = { "‼̃", "ŋ‼" },
},
-- Lateral clicks
{
name = "Tenuis alveolar lateral click",
symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral click",
symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" },
},
-- Lateral nasal clicks
{
name = "Alveolar lateral nasal click",
symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ" },
},
-- Glottalized clicks
{
name = "Glottalized bilabial nasal click",
symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized dental nasal click",
symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized alveolar nasal click",
symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized retroflex nasal click",
symbols = { "‼̃ˀ", "‼ˀ", "ŋ‼ˀ", "ŋ̊‼ˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized palatal nasal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click",
symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" },
},
-- Implosives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial implosive",
symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial implosive",
symbols = { "ɓ" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex implosive",
symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex implosive",
symbols = { "ᶑ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal implosive",
symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal implosive",
symbols = { "ʄ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ" },
audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular implosive",
symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular implosive",
symbols = { "ʛ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg"
},
-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
-- Co-articulated nasals
{
name = "Voiced labial–alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "nm" },
article = "Labial–coronal consonant",
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋm" },
audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated plosives
{
name = "Voiceless labial–alveolar stop",
symbols = { "tp" },
article = "Labial–coronal consonant",
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–alveolar stop",
symbols = { "db" },
article = "Labial–coronal consonant",
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–velar stop",
symbols = { "kp" },
audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar stop",
symbols = { "ɡb" },
audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular–epiglottal stop",
symbols = { "qʡ" },
},
-- Co-articulated continuants
{
name = "Voiceless labial–palatal approximant",
symbols = { "ɥ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–palatal approximant",
symbols = { "ɥ" },
audio = "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–velar fricative",
symbols = { "ʍ", "w̥", "hw" },
audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "w" },
audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ" },
article = "Voiced labial–velar approximant",
},
{
name = "Sj-sound",
symbols = { "ɧ" },
audio = "Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated lateral approximants
{
name = "Velarized dental lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɫ̪", "l̪ˠ" },
},
{
name = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɫ", "lˠ" },
audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Nasal approximants
{
name = "Nasal palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j̃" },
},
{
name = "Nasal labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "w̃" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless nasal glottal approximant",
symbols = { "h̃" },
},
-- VOWELS
-- Close vowels
{
name = "Close front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "i" },
audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "y" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ" },
},
{
name = "Close central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɨ", "ï" },
audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʉ", "ü" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Close back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɯ" },
audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "u" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" },
audio = "Ja-U.oga"
},
-- Near-close vowels
{
name = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɪ", "ɪ̟", "i̞", "e̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ", "y̞", "y˕", "ø̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" },
audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɯ̞", "ɯ̽" },
audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ", "u̞", "o̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ", "ɤ̝̈ʷ", "u̫˕", "u̞ʷ", "ɯ̞ʷ", "ɤ̝ʷ" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ", "ɯ̞̈ᵝ", "ɯ̞ᵝ" },
},
-- Close-mid vowels
{
name = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "e" },
audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ø" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" },
},
{
name = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" },
audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɵ", "ö" },
audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ɘʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɤ" },
audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "o" },
audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" },
},
-- Mid vowels
{
name = "Mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝" },
audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝" },
audio = "Mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" },
},
{
name = "Mid central vowel",
symbols = { "ə" },
audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ə̜", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" },
audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝" },
audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" },
},
{
name = "Mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝" },
audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Open-mid vowels
{
name = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɛ" },
audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "œ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" },
},
{
name = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" },
audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɞ" },
audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʌ" },
audio = "PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɔ" },
audio = "PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Near-open vowels
{
name = "Near-open front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "æ" },
audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ" },
audio = "Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ̜", "ɜ̞" },
audio = "PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" },
},
-- Open vowels
{
name = "Open front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "a", "æ̞" },
audio = "PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɶ" },
audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ä", "ɑ̈", "ɐ̞" },
audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɶ̈" },
audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɑ" },
audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɒ" },
audio = "PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "R-colored vowel",
symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" },
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
{
name = "Primary stress",
symbols = { "ˈ" },
article = "Stress (linguistics)",
},
{
name = "Secondary stress",
symbols = { "ˌ" },
},
{
name = "Minor (foot) group",
symbols = { "|" },
article = "Prosodic unit",
},
{
name = "Major (intonation) group",
symbols = { "‖" },
article = "Prosodic unit",
},
{
name = "Syllable break",
symbols = { "." },
article = "Syllable",
},
{
name = "Linking (absence of a break)",
symbols = { "‿" },
article = "Connected speech",
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
{
name = "Downstep",
symbols = { "ꜜ" },
},
{
name = "Upstep",
symbols = { "ꜛ" },
},
{
name = "Global rise",
symbols = { "↗" },
article = "Intonation (linguistics)",
},
{
name = "Global fall",
symbols = { "↘" },
article = "Intonation (linguistics)",
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
{
name = "Bilabial percussive",
symbols = { "ʬ" },
},
{
name = "Bidental percussive",
symbols = { "ʭ" },
},
{
name = "Velopharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ʩ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative",
symbols = { "ʪ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative",
symbols = { "ʫ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Ingressive airflow",
symbols = { "↓" },
article = "Ingressive sound",
},
{
name = "Egressive airflow",
symbols = { "↑" },
article = "Egressive sound",
},
{
name = "Apical r",
symbols = { "ɹ̺" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Bunched r",
symbols = { "ɹ̈" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive",
symbols = { "¡" },
article = "Percussive consonant",
},
{
name = "Percussive alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ¡" },
},
{
name = "Buccal interdental trill",
symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" },
article = "Blowing a raspberry",
},
-- NON-IPA
{
name = "Morphological boundary",
symbols = { "#" },
article = "Word stem",
},
{
name = "Zero",
symbols = { "∅" },
article = "Zero (linguistics)",
},
},
diacritics = {
-- DIACRITICS
{
name = "Voiceless",
symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẘ", "ẙ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced",
symbols = { "̬" },
article = "Voice (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Aspirated",
symbols = { "ʰ" },
article = "Aspirated consonant",
},
{
name = "More rounded",
symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" },
article = "Roundedness",
},
{
name = "Less rounded",
symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" },
article = "Roundedness",
},
{
name = "Advanced",
symbols = { "̟", "˖" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "Retracted",
symbols = { "̠", "˗" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "Centralized",
symbols = { "̈" },
article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels",
},
{
name = "Mid-centralized",
symbols = { "̽" },
article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel",
},
{
name = "Syllabic",
symbols = { "̩", "̍" },
article = "Syllabic consonant",
},
{
name = "Non-syllabic",
symbols = { "̯", "̑" },
article = "Semivowel",
},
{
name = "Rhoticity",
symbols = { "˞" },
article = "R-colored vowel",
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
{
name = "Breathy voiced",
symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" },
article = "Breathy voice",
},
{
name = "Creaky voiced",
symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" },
article = "Creaky voice",
},
{
name = "Linguolabial",
symbols = { "̼" },
article = "Linguolabial consonant",
},
{
name = "Labialized",
symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" },
article = "Labialization",
},
{
name = "Palatalized",
symbols = { "ʲ" },
article = "Palatalization (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Velarized",
symbols = { "ˠ" },
article = "Velarization",
},
{
name = "Pharyngealized",
symbols = { "ˤ" },
article = "Pharyngealization",
},
{
name = "Velarized or pharyngealized",
symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ" },
article = "Pharyngealization",
},
{
name = "Raised",
symbols = { "̝", "˔" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "Lowered",
symbols = { "̞", "˕" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "Advanced tongue root",
symbols = { "̘" },
},
{
name = "Retracted tongue root",
symbols = { "̙" },
},
{
name = "Dental",
symbols = { "̪", "͆" },
article = "Dental consonant",
},
{
name = "Apical",
symbols = { "̺" },
article = "Apical consonant",
},
{
name = "Laminal",
symbols = { "̻" },
article = "Laminal consonant",
},
{
name = "Nasalized",
symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" },
article = "Nasalization",
},
{
name = "Nasal vowel",
symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɑ̃", "ɒ̃" },
},
{
name = "Nasal release",
symbols = { "ⁿ" },
},
{
name = "Lateral release",
symbols = { "ˡ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "No audible release",
symbols = { "̚" },
},
{
name = "Ejective",
symbols = { "ʼ" },
article = "Ejective consonant",
},
{
name = "Glottalized",
symbols = { "ˀ" },
article = "Glottalization",
},
{
name = "Labio-palatalized",
symbols = { "ᶣ" },
article = "Labio-palatalization",
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
{
name = "Long",
symbols = { "ː" },
article = "Length (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Half-long",
symbols = { "ˑ" },
article = "Length (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Extra-short",
symbols = { "̆" },
article = "Extra-shortness",
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
{
name = "Accent",
symbols = { "̋", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "́", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ó", "á", "̄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "̀", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "̏", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ" },
article = "Pitch-accent language",
},
{
name = "Tone",
symbols = { "̌", "̂", "᷄", "᷅", "᷇", "᷆", "᷈", "᷉", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" },
article = "Tone (linguistics)",
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
{
name = "Alveolar",
symbols = { "͇" },
article = "Alveolar consonant",
},
{
name = "Strong articulation",
symbols = { "͈", "̎" },
article = "Fortis and lenis",
},
{
name = "Weak articulation",
symbols = { "͉", "᷂" },
article = "Fortis and lenis",
},
{
name = "Denasalized",
symbols = { "͊" },
article = "Denasalization",
},
{
name = "Velopharyngeal friction",
symbols = { "͌" },
article = "Velopharyngeal consonant",
},
{
name = "Whistled articulation",
symbols = { "͎" },
article = "Whistled sibilant",
},
{
name = "Unaspirated",
symbols = { "˭" },
article = "Tenuis consonant",
},
{
name = "Pre-aspiration",
symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" },
article = "Preaspiration",
},
-- NON-IPA
{
name = "Retroflex",
symbols = { "̣", "̢" },
article = "Retroflex consonant",
},
{
name = "Prenasalized consonant",
symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" },
},
{
name = "Pre-stopped consonant",
symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "ᴳ" },
},
}
}
for k, group in pairs(rawData) do
for _, v in ipairs(group) do
local t = {
name = v.name,
symbol = v.symbols[1],
article = v.article or v.name,
audio = v.audio or ""
}
for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do
data[k][s] = t
end
end
end
return { data = data, rawData = rawData }